{"id":258,"date":"2022-07-25T13:02:07","date_gmt":"2022-07-25T05:02:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/danielw.top\/?p=258"},"modified":"2023-09-22T13:58:46","modified_gmt":"2023-09-22T05:58:46","slug":"%e6%b5%85%e8%b0%88linux%e4%b8%bb%e6%9c%ba%e5%8a%a0%e5%9b%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/danielw.top\/?p=258","title":{"rendered":"\u6d45\u8c08Linux\u4e3b\u673a\u52a0\u56fa"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u6d45\u8c08Linux\u4e3b\u673a\u52a0\u56fa<\/h1>\n<h2>\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n<p>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7b49\u4fdd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u4e2d\u4e3b\u673a\u52a0\u56fa\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u73af\u8282\u3002Linux\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u52a0\u56fa\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a\u8d26\u53f7\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6388\u6743\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f4A(\u7edf\u4e00\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u5e73\u53f0\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848)\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528CentOS\u865a\u62df\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u6f14\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u8d26\u6237\u5b89\u5168<\/h2>\n<h3>\u53e3\u4ee4\u751f\u5b58\u5468\u671f<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/login.defs<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.danielw.top\/Kp\/image-20220723115047366.png\" alt=\"image-20220723115047366\" \/><\/p>\n<pre><code>\u6b64\u5904\u5bf9\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8fc7\u671f\u8b66\u544a\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4fee\u6539\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6709\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u8981\u4fee\u6539\uff08PASS_MIN_LEN    8   #\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\nPASS_MAX_DAYS   90  #\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u957f\u8fc7\u671f\u5929\u6570\nPASS_MIN_DAYS   10   #\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u5c0f\u8fc7\u671f\u5929\u6570\nPASS_WARN_AGE   7   #\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u8b66\u544a\u5929\u6570<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u53e3\u4ee4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff08\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\/etc\/login.defs\uff1a<\/strong>\u53ea\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u8d26\u53f7\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u5b8c\/etc\/login.defs\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u53ea\u5bf9\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>pam_cracklib.so\uff1a<\/strong>\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8d26\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7528\u7684\u662fpam_cracklib.so\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6539\u6210\u7528pam_pwquality.so\u4e86\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9\u65e7\u7684pam_cracklib.so\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u5728\/etc\/pam.d\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u3010man pam_cracklib\u3011\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u67e5\u770bpam_cracklib\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u63a7\u5236\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">minlen=N    #\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\ndifok=3     #\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u65b0\u3001\u65e7\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a5\u3002\ndcredit=-3  #\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u542b3\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nlcredit=-3  #\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u542b3\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\nucredit=-1  #\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u542b1\u4e2a\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\nocredit=-1  #\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u542b1\u4e2a\u5176\u4ed6\u7b26\u5408<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u97624\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u767b\u5f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u505a\u9650\u5236\n\/etc\/pam.d\/login\uff1a\u53ea\u5bf9\u672c\u5730\u7ec8\u7aef\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u505a\u9650\u5236\n\/etc\/pam.d\/remote\uff1a\u53ea\u5bf9\u8fdc\u7a0btelnet\u505a\u9650\u5236\n\/etc\/pam.d\/sshd\uff1a\u53ea\u5bf9ssh\u767b\u5f55\u505a\u9650\u5236<\/code><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">#\u627e\u5230\u5305\u542bpam_pwquality.so\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u6709\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\uff08\u8981\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728#%PAM-1.0\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\n\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\uff1a\npassword requisite  pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 dcredit=-1 lcredit=-1 ucredit=-1 ocredit=-1 minlen=8\n\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u4e14\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6&gt;=8\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.danielw.top\/Kp\/image-20220724105639029.png\" alt=\"image-20220724105639029\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/proc\/version<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.danielw.top\/Kp\/image-20220724105849452.png\" alt=\"image-20220724105849452\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u9650\u5236XX\u7528\u6237\u767b\u9646<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim \/etc\/hosts.deny<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.danielw.top\/Kp\/image-20220724110140469.png\" alt=\"image-20220724110140469\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5176\u4ed6UID=0\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk -F \u201c\uff1a\u201d &#039;($3==0)  {print  $1} &#039; \/etc\/passwd\n\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7528\u8fc7\u67e5\u8be2passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217\u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728UID=0\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5220\u9664\u6216\u66f4\u6539\u5176\u6743\u9650\n\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\uff1auserdel user\n\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237UID\uff1ausermod -u 2005 user<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u767b\u9646\u8d85\u65f6\u9650\u5236<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cp -p \/etc\/profile \/etc\/profile_bak(\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u5907\u4efd)\n\nvim \/etc\/profile<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728<code><code>\/etc\/profile<\/code><\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u589e\u52a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">TMOUT=300\nexport TMOUT<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo &#039;export TMOUT=300&#039;&gt;&gt;\/etc\/profile\necho &#039;readonly TMOUT&#039; &gt;&gt;\/etc\/profile<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u4f7f\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u751f\u6548<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">source \/etc\/profile<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528PAM\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\u7981\u6b62wheel\u7ec4\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7528\u6237su\u4e3aroot<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim \/etc\/pam.d\/su<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u65b0\u589e<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">auth          sufficient     pam_rootok.so\nauth          required     pam_wheel.so use_uid<\/code><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5907\u6ce8\uff1aauth\u4e0esufficient\u4e4b\u95f4\u7531\u4e24\u4e2atab\u5efa\u9694\u5f00\uff0csufficient\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u8def\u5f84\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2atab\u5efa\u9694\u5f00<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>\u7981\u7528\u65e0\u7528\u8d26\u6237<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/passwd #\u67e5\u770b\u53e3\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8d26\u53f7<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.danielw.top\/Kp\/image-20220724151219983.png\" alt=\"image-20220724151219983\" \/><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">passwd -l user # \u9501\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8d26\u53f7<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u8d26\u6237\u9501\u5b9a<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim \/etc\/pam.d\/system-auth<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\u4f7f\u7528pam_tally.so\u6a21\u5757\u9650\u5236\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u9501\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\n\nauth required pam_tally.so onerr=fail deny=3 unlock_time=7200\n\nAUTH\u9009\u9879\ndeny=n              \u5931\u8d25\u767b\u5f55\u6b21\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7n\u6b21\u540e\u62d2\u7edd\u8bbf\u95ee\nlock_time=n         \u5931\u8d25\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u9501\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u79d2\u6570\uff09\nunlock_time=n       \u8d85\u51fa\u5931\u8d25\u767b\u5f55\u6b21\u6570\u9650\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\nno_lock_time        \u4e0d\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\/var\/log\/faillog \u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55.fail_locktime\u5b57\u6bb5\nmagic_root          root\u7528\u6237(uid=0)\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9012\u589e\neven_deny_root      root\u7528\u6237\u5931\u8d25\u767b\u5f55\u6b21\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7deny=n\u6b21\u540e\u62d2\u7edd\u8bbf\u95ee\nroot_unlock_time=n  \u4e0eeven_deny_root\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u914d\u7f6e\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5219root\u7528\u6237\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\u8d85\u51fa\u9650\u5236\u540e\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9501\u5b9a\u8d26\u6237\u4e3e\u4f8b<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">passwd -l bin\npasswd -l sys\npasswd -l adm<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f31\u53e3\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684john\u662fkail\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u5de5\u5177\njohn \/etc\/shadow --single\njohn \/etc\/shadow --wordlist=pass.dic\n\n\u82e5\u68c0\u67e5\u51fa\u5f31\u53e3\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\npasswd \u7528\u6237<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u534f\u8bae\u5b89\u5168<\/h2>\n<h3>openssh\u5347\u7ea7\uff08\u6309\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u5347\u7ea7\uff09<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">yum update  openssh<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u9632\u6b62\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\uff09<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a\ncrontab -l\n\n\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4efb\u52a1\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a\nat -l<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.danielw.top\/Kp\/image-20220724152159495.png\" alt=\"image-20220724152159495\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u7684\u672c\u5730\u73af\u5883\u672a\u5f00\u542f\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4efb\u52a1\u6240\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/p>\n<h3>\u9650\u5236ssh\u767b\u9646\uff08\u770b\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\uff09<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.danielw.top\/Kp\/image-20220724152844327.png\" alt=\"image-20220724152844327\" \/><\/p>\n<pre><code>Protocol 2 \u4fee\u6539ssh\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u9650\u5236su\u4e3aroot\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim \/etc\/pam.d\/su<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0 auth required \/lib\/security\/pam_wheel.so group=wheel<\/p>\n<h3>\u7981\u6b62root\u7528\u6237\u767b\u9646ftp<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat \/etc\/pam.d\/vsftpd\nAuth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=\/etc\/vsftpd\/ftpusers onerr=succeed<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2dfile=\/etc\/vsftpd\/ftpusers\u5373\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684ftpusers\u6587\u4ef6.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo  \u201croot\u201d   &gt;&gt;   \/etc\/vsftpd\/ftpusersv<\/code><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>root\u5546\u6237\u767b\u9646ftp\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>\u9632\u6b62flood\u653b\u51fb<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">vim \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.danielw.top\/Kp\/image-20220724153421250.png\" alt=\"image-20220724153421250\" \/><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\u589e\u52a0net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1\n\u7136\u540esysctl  -p<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u7981\u7528ping<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo 0 &gt; \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/icmp_echo_igore_all<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">#\u68c0\u67e5cpu\u5360\u7528\u524d10\nps aux | sort -k3nr | head -n 10\n#\u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u524d10\nps -aux | sort -k4nr|head -10\n\n\u4f8b\u5982\u6316\u77ff\u6728\u9a6c\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cfCPU\u8d44\u6e90<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.danielw.top\/Kp\/image-20220724153713724.png\" alt=\"image-20220724153713724\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.danielw.top\/Kp\/image-20220724153737168.png\" alt=\"image-20220724153737168\" \/><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b\nkill 12345\n\u5f3a\u5236\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b\nkill -KILL 123456\n\u53d1\u9001SIGHUP\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e0b\u4fe1\u53f7\nkill -HUP pid\n\u5f7b\u5e95\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b\nkill -9 123456<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u5173\u95ed\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53ca\u7aef\u53e3<\/h3>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\u90ae\u7bb1<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">service postfix status\nchkconfig --del postfix\nchkconfig postfix off<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982cpus<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">service cups status\nchkconfig --del cups\nchkconfig cups off<\/code><\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u7aef\u53e3\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u8be6\u89c1\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/danielw.top\/index.php\/daniel\/226\/\">http:\/\/danielw.top\/index.php\/daniel\/226\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565<\/h3>\n<h4>iptables\uff08Centos6\uff09<\/h4>\n<p>\u2003\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e0b\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\u9879\u540e\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u7ed3\u675f\u5339\u914d\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u5339\u914d\u9879\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5373\u653e\u884c\u6216\u963b\u6b62\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u89c4\u5219\u4e4b\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u9879\uff0c\u5c31\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002<br \/>\n\u2003\u2003\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u201c\u901a\u201d\uff08\u5373\u653e\u884c\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u201c\u5835\u201d\uff08\u5373\u963b\u6b62\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\u4e3a\u62d2\u7edd\u65f6\uff08\u5835\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5141\u8bb8\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u901a\uff09\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8c01\u90fd\u8fdb\u4e0d\u6765\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\u4e3a\u5141\u8bb8\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u62d2\u7edd\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8c01\u90fd\u80fd\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e5f\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u9632\u8303\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\u542f\u52a8\uff1a service iptables start\n\u5173\u95ed\uff1a service iptables stop\n\u67e5\u770b\u72b6\u6001\uff1a iptables -V\n\u91cd\u542f \uff1a service iptables restart<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a5\u79cd\u89c4\u5219\u7c7b\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff1a\n \u2003\u2003\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u524d\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff08PREROUTING\uff09\uff1b\n \u2003\u2003\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff08INPUT\uff09\uff1b\n \u2003\u2003\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff08OUTPUT\uff09\uff1b\n \u2003\u2003\u5904\u7406\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff08FORWARD\uff09\uff1b\n \u2003\u2003\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u540e\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff08POSTROUTING\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">iptables -L<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u6e05\u9664\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">iptables -F<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5220\u51cf<\/p>\n<h5><strong>\u5f00\u653e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3<\/strong><\/h5>\n<pre><code>iptables -A INPUT -s 127.0.0.1 -d 127.0.0.1 -j ACCEPT \u2003\u2003#\u5141\u8bb8\u672c\u5730\u56de\u73af\u63a5\u53e3(\u5373\u8fd0\u884c\u672c\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u672c\u673a)\n iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT \u2003\u2003#\u5141\u8bb8\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u8fde\u7684\u901a\u884c\n iptables -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT \u2003\u2003#\u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u672c\u673a\u5411\u5916\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\n iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT \u2003\u2003#\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95ee22\u7aef\u53e3\n iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT \u2003\u2003#\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95ee80\u7aef\u53e3\n iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT \u2003\u2003#\u5141\u8bb8ftp\u670d\u52a1\u768421\u7aef\u53e3\n iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 20 -j ACCEPT \u2003\u2003#\u5141\u8bb8FTP\u670d\u52a1\u768420\u7aef\u53e3\n iptables -A INPUT -j reject \u2003\u2003#\u7981\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u672a\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8bbf\u95ee\n iptables -A FORWARD -j REJECT \u2003\u2003#\u7981\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u672a\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8bbf\u95ee<\/code><\/pre>\n<h5><strong>\u5c4f\u853dIP<\/strong><\/h5>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">iptables -I INPUT -s 123.45.6.7 -j DROP \u2003\u2003#\u5c4f\u853d\u5355\u4e2aIP\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\n iptables -I INPUT -s 123.0.0.0\/8 -j DROP \u2003\u2003#\u5c01\u6574\u4e2a\u6bb5\u5373\u4ece123.0.0.1\u5230123.255.255.254\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\n iptables -I INPUT -s 124.45.0.0\/16 -j DROP \u2003\u2003#\u5c01IP\u6bb5\u5373\u4ece123.45.0.1\u5230123.45.255.254\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\n iptables -I INPUT -s 123.45.6.0\/24 -j DROP \u2003\u2003#\u5c01IP\u6bb5\u5373\u4ece123.45.6.1\u5230123.45.6.254\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u8def\u5f84\/etc\/sysconfig\u4e0b,\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6iptables\u7f16\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u8bb0\u5f97\u91cd\u542f\u9632\u706b\u5899\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<h4>firewalled\uff08Centos7\uff09<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>\u542f\u52a8\uff1a systemctl start firewalld\n\u91cd\u542f\uff1a systemctl restart firewalld\n\u5173\u95ed\uff1a systemctl stop firewalld\n\u67e5\u770b\u72b6\u6001\uff1a systemctl status firewalld\n\u5f00\u673a\u7981\u7528 \uff1a systemctl disable firewalld\n\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u7528 \uff1a systemctl enable firewalld<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u524d\u53f0\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u754c\u9762-\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n<h3>\u5f00\u542fSELinux\u670d\u52a1\uff08Centos7\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u2003SELinux\uff08Security-Enhanced  Linux)\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\u5728Linux\u5f00\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff08MAC\uff0cMandatory Access  Control)\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002RHEL7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528SELinux\u6280\u672f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5404\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4ec5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u672c\u5e94\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u7b80\u5355\u6982\u8ff0\u4e0b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\n \u2003\u2003MAC\uff08\u5f3a\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\n \u2003\u2003DAC\uff08\u81ea\u4e3b\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\uff09 --\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u662fACL\u7b56\u7565\u5c45\u591a\n \u2003\u2003RABC\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u6027MAC&gt;RABC&gt;DAC<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SELinux \u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>enforcing\uff1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fdd\u53cd SELinux \u89c4\u5219\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c06\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u81ea\u52a8\u62e6\u622a<\/li>\n<li>permissive\uff1a\u5bbd\u5bb9\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fdd\u53cd SELinux \u89c4\u5219\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ea\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u544a\u8b66\u4e0d\u62e6\u622a\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u8c03\u8bd5\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li>disabled\uff1a\u5173\u95ed SELinux\u3002\u4e0d\u62e6\u622a\u4e0d\u544a\u8b66\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\/etc\/selinux,\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770bconfig\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u76ee\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat config<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">[root@localhost selinux]# getenforce \nEnforcing<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e34\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4e0d\u7528\u91cd\u542f\u673a\u5668\uff09\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">[root@localhost selinux]# setenforce 0  --0\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5bbd\u5bb9\u83ab\u65af\n[root@localhost selinux]# getenforce \nPermissive\n[root@localhost selinux]# setenforce 1  --1\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\n[root@localhost selinux]# getenforce \nEnforcing\n[root@localhost selinux]# <\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570\u91cf<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cp \/etc\/profile \/etc\/profile_xu_bak(\u5907\u4efd)\nsed -i s\/&#039;HISTSIZE=1000&#039;\/&#039;HISTSIZE=5000&#039;\/g \/etc\/profile(\u4fee\u6539)\ncat \/etc\/profile |grep HISTSIZE|grep -v export(\u68c0\u67e5)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6743\u9650<\/h2>\n<h3>\u914d\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chmod 644 \/etc\/passwd\nchmod 400 \/etc\/shadow\nchmod 644 \/etc\/group<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u7f3a\u7701\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cp \/etc\/profile \/etc\/profile.bak(\u5907\u4efd)\nvim \/etc\/profile<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">umask 027\numask\u662f\u8868\u793a\u53cd\u7801\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u800c022\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u4f60\u5728\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u7528777\u53bb\u8ddf022\u76f8\u51cf\u5f97\u5230750\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f750\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u5c31\u662frxwr-x---(\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5168\u90e8\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5c5e\u7ec4\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u4eba\u65e0)\n\u4f7f\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u751f\u6548\nsource  \/etc\/profile<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u65e5\u5fd7\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/h2>\n<h3><strong>syslogd\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u542f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c7b\u578b\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\/var\/log\/messages<\/li>\n<li>cron\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\/var\/log\/cron<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\/var\/log\/secure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528syslog-ng\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\uff1a\/etc\/syslog-ng\/syslog-ng.conf<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u914d\u7f6e\u8be6\u7ec6\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u811a\u672c\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u51fa\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u65e0\u636e\u53ef\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c <code>[root@xxx \/]# vim \/etc\/profile<\/code>\u6253\u5f00\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u200b              <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">history\nUSER=<code>whoami<\/code>\nUSER_IP=<code>who -u am i 2&gt;\/dev\/null| awk &#039;{print $NF}&#039;|sed -e &#039;s\/[()]\/\/g&#039;<\/code>\nif [ \"$USER_IP\" = \"\" ]; then\nUSER_IP=<code>hostname<\/code>\nfi\nif [ ! -d \/var\/log\/history ]; then\nmkdir \/var\/log\/history\nchmod 777 \/var\/log\/history\nfi\nif [ ! -d \/var\/log\/history\/${LOGNAME} ]; then\nmkdir \/var\/log\/history\/${LOGNAME}\nchmod 300 \/var\/log\/history\/${LOGNAME}\nfi\nexport HISTSIZE=4096\nDT=<code>date +&quot;%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S&quot;<\/code>\nexport HISTFILE=\"\/var\/log\/history\/${LOGNAME}\/${USER}@${USER_IP}_$DT\"\nchmod 600 \/var\/log\/history\/${LOGNAME}\/*history* 2>\/dev\/null<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c <code>[root@xxx \/]# source \/etc\/profile<\/code> \u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a \/var\/log\/history \u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \/var\/log\/history \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4ee5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e3a\u540d\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u7528\u6237\u9000\u51fa\u540e\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u767b\u5f55IP\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6b64\u7528\u6237\u672c\u6b21\u7684\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08root\u7528\u6237\u9664\u5916\uff09<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Linux\u4e2d\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\uff08syslogd\u3001rsyslogd\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u6587\u6863\u8fdb\u884c\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6d45\u8c08Linux\u4e3b\u673a\u52a0\u56fa \u524d\u8a00 Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7b49\u4fdd\u6d4b\u8bc4\u4e2d\u4e3b\u673a\u52a0\u56fa\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u73af\u8282\u3002Lin &#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/danielw.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/danielw.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/danielw.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/danielw.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/danielw.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=258"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/danielw.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":259,"href":"http:\/\/danielw.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258\/revisions\/259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/danielw.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/danielw.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/danielw.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}